{"id":6716,"date":"2025-04-24T17:09:03","date_gmt":"2025-04-24T17:09:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/danmajet.com\/?p=6716"},"modified":"2025-04-26T14:02:12","modified_gmt":"2025-04-26T14:02:12","slug":"%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%ab%d8%a9-%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/danmajet.com\/ar\/blog\/what-is-thermal-inkjet-printing-technology\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 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\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646<strong>\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629. \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0647\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list custom-disc\">\n<li><strong>\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong>\u200b<br>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639<strong>10-150 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0631 (\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0631)<\/strong>\u0642\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0647\u0629 (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647\u0627 10-50 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631). \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636 \u0648\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0647\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0623\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 (1-20 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628)<\/strong>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0647\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0641\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631<\/strong>\u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list custom-disc\">\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/strong>\u200b<br>\u0648\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646. \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649<strong>30 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/strong>\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1.2 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table qbe-widget\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><tr><td>\u200b<strong>\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636<\/strong>\u200b<\/td><td>\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 (3 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629) \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td><td>2-5 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u200b<strong>\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631<\/strong>\u200b<\/td><td>\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0621<\/td><td>1-20 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 (\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u200b<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a<\/strong>\u200b<\/td><td>\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0647\u0627<\/td><td>25-50 \u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646\/\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u200b<strong>\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0647\u0629<\/strong>\u200b<\/td><td>\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0642<\/td><td>10-50 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a (\u0645\u062b\u0644 SPAN 80) \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629) \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0647\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a (TIJ) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0633\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/strong>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0622\u0632\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2.1 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u200b<strong>\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 MEMS (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629) \u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646.<\/strong>\u200b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list custom-disc\">\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TaAl) \u0646\u0628\u0636\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 (2-5 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629) \u0644\u062a\u0628\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 (SiC) \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0647\u0629<\/strong>: \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a (\u0628\u0642\u0637\u0631 10-50 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062b\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 600 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 HP (SPT).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631<\/strong>: \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0644\u0648\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0643 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645: \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 100 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631) \u062a\u062e\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u062f\u0647.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u200b<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list custom-disc\">\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 CMOS\/MEMS<\/strong>\u200b: Modern printheads embed drive circuits and logic controllers directly on the silicon substrate, reducing external wiring and enabling &#8220;smart&#8221; printheads with bidirectional operation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a<\/strong>: \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 CF3 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2.2 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u200b<strong>\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f.<\/strong>\u200b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list custom-disc\">\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631<\/strong>: \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0634 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629) \u0628\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 42 \u0645\u0644 (\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629) \u064854 \u0645\u0644 (\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0639<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636: 20-100 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631) \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a. \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c SPAN 80).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/strong>: \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u200b<strong>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table qbe-widget\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><th><strong>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><tr><td>\u200b<strong>\u0635\u0628\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u200b<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a<\/td><td>\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u200b<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a<\/strong>\u200b<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646<\/td><td>\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u200b<strong>\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 (Ag NPs)<\/strong>\u200b<\/td><td>\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/td><td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 &lt; 10 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628\u060c \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a &lt; 50 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u200b<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u200b<\/td><td>\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629<\/td><td>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 &gt; 95%\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 3-15 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0643\u0633\u0644<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2.3 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u200b<strong>\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/strong>\u200b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list custom-disc\">\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0628\u0636\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0647\u062f (20-30 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a) \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\/\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c - \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0647\u0629 432 \u0641\u0648\u0647\u0629 10 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a<\/strong>: \u0627\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0629 (1-10 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f (1-30 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u0629 (10-150 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0633\u0644\u062a\u0631) \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong>\u200b: Monitor printhead temperature in real-time. If temperatures exceed 80\u00b0C, the system injects &#8220;cooling pulses&#8221; (subthreshold heating) to prevent overheating.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u200b<strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list custom-decimal\">\n<li>\u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0629) \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 FPGA (\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0633\u0644.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2.4 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u200b<strong>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629.<\/strong>\u200b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list custom-disc\">\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646<\/strong>: \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 40-50 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 (1-20 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 (PCMs)<\/strong>: \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 100 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2.5 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u200b<strong>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641.<\/strong>\u200b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list custom-disc\">\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0647\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0648\u0644.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0647\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/strong>: \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u200b<strong>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631 (TIJ) \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f.<\/strong>\u200b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.1 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u200b<strong>\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 TIJ \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/strong>\u200b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list custom-disc\">\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 (PCBs)<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646<strong>10 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628<\/strong>\u060c \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062e\u0637 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062b\u0644<strong>20 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642: \u064a\u0637\u0628\u0639 TIJ \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a PCB \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c: \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 TIJ \u0628\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a RFID \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<strong>300 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 15% \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635: \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 (SAW) \u0645\u0639<strong>\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 4 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/strong>\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 TIJ \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 20% \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a 5G.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table qbe-widget\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 TIJ<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><tr><td>\u200b<strong>\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637<\/strong>\u200b<\/td><td>20-50 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td><td>100-200 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 (\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u200b<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u200b<\/td><td>&lt;5%<\/td><td>30-50%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u200b<strong>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/strong>\u200b<\/td><td>10<em>K<\/em>-50K<\/td><td>100<em>K<\/em>-500 \u0643 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.2 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u200b<strong>\u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 TIJ \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a.<\/strong>\u200b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list custom-disc\">\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629: \u064a\u0637\u0628\u0639 TIJ \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 (50-500 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631) \u0628\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0629 (\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631) \u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a: \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649<strong>&gt;\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 95% \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629<\/strong>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0633\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639<strong>\u062f\u0642\u0629 50 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/strong>\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 80% \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f: \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 (PLA) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629: \u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 TIJ \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u0633-\u0643\u0648\u0641-2 \u0645\u0639<strong>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 90%<\/strong>\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 15 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.3 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u200b<strong>\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 TIJ \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 TIJ \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641.<\/strong>\u200b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list custom-disc\">\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629: \u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639 TIJ \u0623\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629: 600 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629: \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629: \u0623\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 (1200 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629) \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table qbe-widget\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 TIJ<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><tr><td>\u200b<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/strong>\u200b<\/td><td>200-300 \u0645\/\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td><td>50-100 \u0645\/\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u200b<strong>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/strong>\u200b<\/td><td>$0.02 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/td><td>$0.10 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u200b<strong>\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/strong>\u200b<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646<\/td><td>\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.4 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u200b<strong>\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f TIJ \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629.<\/strong>\u200b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list custom-disc\">\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629: \u064a\u0637\u0628\u0639 TIJ \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629: 5-20 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631) \u0645\u0639<strong>&gt;98% \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f &gt; 98%<\/strong>\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 30%.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629: \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643-\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 150 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0643\u0627\u064a\u062a: \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 TIJ<strong>\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 14%<\/strong>\u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0643\u0627\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 50 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631) \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.5 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u200b<strong>\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 TIJ \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646.<\/strong>\u200b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list custom-disc\">\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644: \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 TIJ \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643) \u0645\u0639<strong>\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 &lt;1 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 Binder Jet: \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 TIJ \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0643\u0633 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0639<strong>\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 99.5%<\/strong>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u200b<strong>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a (TIJ) \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629.<\/strong>\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4.1 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list custom-disc\">\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639<\/strong>\u200b\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 TIJ \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c 10<em>K<\/em>-50K \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 $100K+ \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0636\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/strong>: \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631<\/strong>: \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649<strong>&lt;5%<\/strong>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 30-50% \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 (DOD).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list custom-disc\">\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u200b<br>\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642<strong>200-300 \u0645\/\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/strong>(\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 PageWide \u0645\u0646 HP).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/strong>: \u062d\u062a\u0649<strong>1200 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629<\/strong>\u0628\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644<strong>10 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0631<\/strong>\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062e\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636 20 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list custom-disc\">\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/strong>\u200b<br>\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 TIJ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/strong>: \u0623\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 50 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0647\u064f\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 95% \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list custom-disc\">\n<li><strong>\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/strong>\u200b\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621<\/strong>: \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 80% \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong>: \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 60% \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a (TTO).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4.2 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list custom-disc\">\n<li><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/strong>\u200b\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0623\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (300 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 PCL (\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631: 60 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649<strong>1-20 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628<\/strong>\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list custom-disc\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/strong>\u200b\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631<\/strong>: \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629<strong>6-12 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0627\u064b<\/strong>(\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 3-5 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/strong>: \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list custom-disc\">\n<li><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/strong>\u200b\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong>: \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 PET) \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0637.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u200b<strong>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627) \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4.3 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646: \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table qbe-widget\"><table><tbody><tr><th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>\u0646\u0641\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a (TIJ)<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u063a\u0637\u064a<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><tr><td>\u200b<strong>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u0629<\/strong>\u200b<\/td><td>10-150 \u0644\u062a\u0631<\/td><td>3-100 \u0644\u062a\u0631<\/td><td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d (\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0635\u0627\u0644)<\/td><td>10-100 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 (\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u200b<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649<\/strong>\u200b<\/td><td>300 \u0645\/\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td><td>200 \u0645\/\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td><td>100 \u0645\/\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td><td>50 \u0645\/\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u200b<strong>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/strong>\u200b<\/td><td>\u0623\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 (50-1000 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628)<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643<\/td><td>\u0623\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 (5000-50,000 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u200b<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/strong>\u200b<\/td><td>1200 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629<\/td><td>1440 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629<\/td><td>1000 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629<\/td><td>100-200 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u200b<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a<\/strong>\u200b<\/td><td>6-12 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627 (\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644)<\/td><td>3-5 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a (\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629)<\/td><td>5-10 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a (\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631)<\/td><td>1-2 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u200b<strong>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/strong>\u200b<\/td><td>\u062d\u0628\u0631 0.02-0.05\/\u0645\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u062d\u0628\u0631 0.02-0.05\/\u0645\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631<\/td><td>\u062d\u0628\u0631 0.05-0.15\/\u0645\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u062d\u0628\u0631 0.05-0.15\/\u0645\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631<\/td><td>0.10-0.20 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/td><td>\u062d\u0628\u0631 0.01-0.03\/\u0645\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u062d\u0628\u0631 0.01-0.03\/\u0645\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 - \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 - \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 4.0. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 TIJ \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0646\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the rapidly evolving landscape of digital printing, thermal inkjet (TIJ) technology has emerged as a cornerstone for high-precision, cost-effective solutions across industries. From biomedical devices to flexible electronics and industrial packaging, TIJ\u2019s ability to deposit materials at micro-to-nano scales has revolutionized manufacturing workflows. Originally pioneered by HP in the late 1970s, this technology leverages [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5886,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[112],"class_list":["post-6716","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-thermal-inkjet-printer"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/danmajet.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6716","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/danmajet.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/danmajet.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/danmajet.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/danmajet.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6716"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/danmajet.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6716\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6905,"href":"https:\/\/danmajet.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6716\/revisions\/6905"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/danmajet.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5886"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/danmajet.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6716"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/danmajet.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6716"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/danmajet.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6716"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}